Concepts and Applications of Inferential Statistics

Question: What have you learned about statistics? In developing your responses, consider at a minimum and discuss the application of each of the course elements in analyzing and making decisions about data (counts and/or measurements)? Answer: I had already attended the class on the statistics. The succinct thesis statement from this class on statistics is that statistics is a subject, which deals with organising and analysing the data that are either numeric in nature or it has to be converted to numeric data by the researcher. In the class, various topics on statistics were discussed and the application of these topics; i.e. the course elements and their analysis and decision-making properties were explored. Based on this exploration about statistics in the class, I am developing a response on the study of the course elements and their uses. Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics was a course element in the class of the statistics, which deals with the summarisation of the given data and describing them using the basic statistical tools of mean, median, mode, standard deviation, quartiles, skewness and kurtosis. This course element mainly gives the summary of the samples used in the analysis. This kind of analysis is the 1st type of analysis done to the data sets which give a vivid idea about the nature of the data set available to us. The use of descriptive statistics is to present quantitative descriptions in a form that can be managed and understood easily. Descriptive statistics is mainly an indicator of the measure of central tendency of the data, variability of the data, the maximum and minimum value of the data and the tailed-ness and the asymmetry of the probability distribution of the data (Bickel Lehmann, 2012). Inferential statistics It is not always possible to get the whole population for analysis. We, therefore, use the samples from the population, for our further analysis. Therefore, it is very important for the sample to represent the population accurately. Inferential statistics is the process that allows us to conclude about the population from which the sample is drawn. The process of doing performing this inferential statistics is known as sampling and this process incurs sampling errors, thus a perfect representation of the population by the samples is not expected. There are two processes of inferential statistics and they are the estimation of parameters , and Testing of hypothesis. Thus, inferential statistics infers information about the underlying population on analysing the samples from the population and considering the sampling errors (Lowry, 2014). Hypothesis development and testing Development and testing of hypothesis is an important method for statistical inference. Here, the given statistical data set is compared with the idealized model of the population in accordance with a given significance level. In development and testing of hypothesis, we were taught to on is identify a research question at first so that the area of interest for the testing narrows down to a more specified area. After this, the specific issue is created in the area of interest and the specific questions are framed for the hypothesis. The next step is to create the hypothesis. Here, the hypothesis is mainly the relationship between the variables, which is to be studied. Two types of hypothesis are created, one is null hypothesis and the other is called alternative hypothesis. The hypothesis is then tested using various tests, depending on the variables and then conclusion is drawn depending upon the result from the test. The conclusion is either acceptance or rejection of null hypothes is (Lehmann, 2012). Selection of appropriate statistical test Statistical tests are selected on the type of the sample data. At first, we have to check what type of data is our sample data; i.e. whether the data is nominal data, or ordinal data or interval data or ratio data. Our next aim is to know whether the given set of data follows normal distribution or not normal distribution. Once we know the types of data and the distribution of the data, we can easily select the appropriate statistical test. However, there is no need to check the distribution for ordinal and nominal data, but the distribution must be checked in case of ratio data and interval data. In addition, if the distribution of the data is normal distribution, then we will use different types of parametric tests whereas, if the data is not normal distribution, then we will use different types of non-parametric tests. Thus, the above process does selection of appropriate statistical test (Stanojevic Rosenfeld, 2015). Evaluating statistical results After selecting the appropriate statistical test, the test is performed and we get a value of the test statistic. We then find the p-value and see the alpha error. Ifwe find the p-value to be less than 0.05, then we can say that data is not following the normal distribution and we should use the non-parametric test for this kind of data set whereas if he p-value is more than 0.05, then we can conclude that the data follows normal distribution and we accept the null hypothesis for this test (Tanner Youssef-Morgan, 2013). The chances of a data set to follow non normal distributions increases if the sample size is less. The statistical results from descriptive statistics are evaluated and this evaluation helps us to know about the basic properties of the data set. The descriptive statistics tells us about the mean, median, mode, skewness, kurtosis, quartiles of the given data set (Tanner Youssef-Morgan, 2013). In addition, data analysis can be done based on the dependency of a variable on other variable and on the extent at which a variable can describe another variable. Thus, we can also get the correlation and regression of the variables. This is how evaluation of different statistical results takes place. (Mohimani, Kim Pevzner, 2013). Conclusion of the thesis On attending the class on statistics, I have got to know about the various steps in the analysis of the data set. The thesis tells us about the various processes that are done on a data set to analyse it. At first we have to check the descriptive statistics and then select the appropriate issue for analysis. After selecting the appropriate issue, we are to form the hypothesis whether to accept or reject the given hypothesis. Then we have to conduct the appropriate statistical test based on the type of the sample and then analyse its result to accept or reject the null hypothesis. Thus, this thesis deals on the appropriate evaluation of the sample we got from the population. Reference Bickel, P. J., Lehmann, E. L. (2012).Descriptive statistics for nonparametric models. III. Dispersion(pp. 499-518). Springer US. Lehmann, E. L. (2012).Some principles of the theory of testing hypotheses(pp. 139-164). Springer US. Lowry, R. (2014). Concepts and applications of inferential statistics. Mohimani, H., Kim, S., Pevzner, P. A. (2013). A new approach to evaluating statistical significance of spectral identifications.Journal of proteome research,12(4), 1560-1568. Stanojevic, S., Rosenfeld, M. (2015). Selection and Appropriate Use of Spirometric Reference Equations for the Pediatric Population. InDiagnostic Tests in Pediatric Pulmonology(pp. 181-193). Springer New York. Tanner, D., Youssef-Morgan, C. (2013). Statistics for Managers. Bridgepoint Education.

Development Proposal For Coles Supermarket †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Proposal For Coles Supermarket? Answer: Introducation From past a decade we have witnessed various technological trends that have made a major impact on our day to day activities as well as on the business operations and processes. Smart phones, high speed internet and cloud computing technologies have made a drastic change in the business execution. With these technologies, businesses are now capable of dealing with global clients and also have improved their productivity levels and also have helped global businesses to reduce their cost investments. The advent of smart phones and high speed internet has given rise to mobile business solutions that help businesses to stay connected anywhere in the world (Godwin-Jones, 2008). Thus, there is significant increase in production which helps businesses to provide high value to their customers. Severe competition in global markets has made it compulsory for most of the businesses to adopt mobile business solution and keep their employees and clients connected in a network and be highly p roductive (Holzer and Ondrus, n.d.). The aim of this report is to effectively design and develop a new technology for one of the leading supermarkets in Australia, which is Coles Supermarket. The report focuses to develop a mobile application for Coles Supermarket as a part of mobile business solution for the company. For the purpose of the project report, it has been assumed that Coles Supermarket own a fully functional official website and is now planning to implement a mobile business solution (a mobile application), that will integrate all the existing website features such as browsing grocery products, filter products, add to cart, and also checkout. Some additional features such as promo codes and discounts on a minimum amount purchases will be included to gather attention of Coles customers to use the mobile application. The project report is structured as follows: the important technologies and platforms required for the application development, identifying the success factors and the technology enablers, different cost factors involved in the mobile application development and the key components etc are discussed in this report. Technologies and Platforms required for Application Development Following is the detailed description of the range of technologies that are used by programmers for developing a mobile business solution (mobile application): HTML 5 is considered to be ideal or primary programming language and is mainly used to develop a web fronted application for various mobile devices. HTML 5 has many unique and easy features such as simple insertion of various data types, accountability for different size of device screens, and rationalizing the input parameters. But, the HTML 5 programming language has a limitation that it is still considered to be a proposed standard. Also, the HTML 5 is cost efficient in comparison with other programming language or technologies as it is supported by various browsers (Austins, 2017). The next technology is Objective C, which was chosen by Apple Inc as a primary language for programming their iOS applications. Apple Inc built various iOS applications using Objective C and made them scalable and robust. Objective C is a superset of C language and consists of wide range of functionalities which deal with display functions, Input / Output and graphics. As a part of development framework of Apple, integration of Objective C is made fully on all MACOS and iOS frameworks. But now, Objective C has been slowly replaced by yet another latest technology called as Swift. This programming language mainly takes into consideration of few important elements such as Cocoa Touch and Cocoa which are the latest APIs in Apple. Currently, Swift programming language is being used simultaneously with Objective C, but in some time, Swift language will tend to replace the Objective C completely as many businesses prefer cutting edge features in their mobile applications (SCAND ( EN), 2017). The next technology used in mobile application development is C++. C++ is definitely the most robust and appropriate programming language to build mobile applications for Windows and Android devices. C++ is a very powerful and also widely used programming language and allows development of various mobile business solutions for wide range of business applications and can be implemented on almost all the platforms. Lastly, Java programming language is yet another important technology that is used in development of mobile business solutions. Java is the most widely used and preferred programming language for application development for Android devices. Java programming language can be run in two approaches. They are in a browser window and also in a virtual machine that can work without a browser. This kind of flexibility helps the programmers for updating software as well as to re code. Also, cross platform applications are developed using Java programming language (Feigen, 2009). Success Factors and Enablers There are several factors that must be taken into consideration when developing mobile application for a specific business. Following are the range of key success factors and enablers that add more value to the mobile business solution for Coles Supermarket: On a global business level, the customers are segmented in a broader range and thus, the overall interface of the mobile business solution has to be very appealing. This interface, in specific is known as Graphic User Interface, abbreviated as GUI. In addition to the GUI, the User Experience (UX) also has to be very efficient. The fonts, colours and the quality of product images or illustration videos used in the mobile application for Coles Supermarket must be of very high- quality. Also, the images used for each grocery product must be totally relevant to the product description. The overall user experience of using mobile application has to be user friendly from customers perspective. Navigating through the mobile application, adding products to cart and checkout features, and also logging into account etc must be done quickly in a few steps and should not be very time consuming (Saucier and Hylton, 2011). Yet another key success factor and an enabler considered for the development of mobile business solution is the Security. It is quite evident that customers need to log in to their account on their mobile application and input their personal details such as name, email ID, address, contact number and also many applications have the feature of saving credit and / debit card details. Managing these critical information is very important and thus, at the back end of mobile development, security aspects must be given a very high priority in order to avoid major attacks from hackers. We already know that technology is developing at a very fast pace and each technology comes up with updates or upgrades very frequently. It is important to consider the use of latest technological trends in developing a mobile business solution for Coles Supermarket. Also, easy upgrading process to the next update must also be considered in the development of mobile application. Using latest technology makes the mobile application faster, and adds value to the business (Cuadrado and C. Dueas, 2012). Adaptability is yet another important key factor that determines success to the developed mobile business solution for Coles Supermarket. Every business has to undergo certain changes internally as well as externally and these changes can make a major impact on the mobile application. The changes can be including an add on security feature for more levels of security or adding an entire new vertical to the business line. The mobile application must be capable of easily getting adapted to the changes that affect the business line. In other words, flexibility in the design and implementation must be considered in the initial stages of development of mobile business solution (Cuadrado and C. Dueas, 2012). Cost Factors Below is the list of few cost factors that can impact on the overall mobile application development and its maintenance at the back end: Application purpose and the functionality is one of the key cost factors that drive the overall application development budget and also determine the cost of mobile application development. Yet another cost factor that must be considered here is the devices supported and mobile platforms. Since the mobile business solution for Coles Supermarket will be developed to support devices on Android, windows and iOS, it is obvious that the development time is more and also this increases the overall cost of the mobile business solution. It is important to note that each application platform is different, for instance, Android fragmentation can be slightly difficult for developers to understand if the application functions appropriately for every hardware. Making application functionalities universal also determines the overall cost of the mobile application development. Application requires continuous maintenance at the back end including the database management system. There are specific m aintenance plans available for application development and this include the functionalities and features that must be implemented within the mobile app. (Kissman, 2017) Key Components of Mobile Business Solution Following are the key components of a mobile business solution developed for Coles Supermarket: Relevant Devices: In order to run the mobile application successfully, it is important to have a smart phone or a tablet as a device to use the application. Since the application here will be developed for various operating systems (OS), the application can be used on Android, Apple and Windows smart phones and tablets. Having latest OS and upgrade helps the user to get the best experience of using the application as device speed and / or lags determine the user experience (Joch, 2013) Internet connectivity: Without connection to the high speed internet it is not possible to use the mobile application. Wi Fi or device internet connection is a must to use the application on device Back end management: Though the front end users and their experience of using the application matters a lot, there are lot many functionalities that must be carried out at the back end functionality of the mobile application in order to ensure high reliability. Database management, security features and many other functionalities that are carried out at the back end side are also the key components of the mobile business solution for Coles Supermarket (McWherter and Gowell, 2012). Conclusion From the research report conducted on understanding the important aspects of mobile business solution for global businesses, it can be concluded that mobile business solutions have entirely changed the global businesses. There is lot of competition in global marketplace and thus, business organizations are trying to put their maximum efforts to improve their efficiency and also increase their productivity to a greater extent. With an effective and efficient mobile business solution, it is possible for the businesses to connect with their employees easily and also keep in touch with their global clients. There are several technologies and platforms that are used and implemented in various mobile business solutions and depending on these elements, the cost of design and implementation of a mobile business solution varies significantly. Considering the development of a mobile business solution for Coles Supermarket, as discussed in the report, it is important to consider the security as pect as a higher priority as customers link their personal details to the mobile application to shop on the mobile app and also make payments on the mobile application. Mobile business solutions or mobile applications are to be made user friendly and attractive as various researches have shown that customers prefer mobile applications when compared to websites. Also, there is increased performance and mobility due to development of mobile applications for business solutions. Various other factors such as high performance, scalability, reliability and GUI (Graphic User Interface) etc are to be considered when designing and developing a mobile business solution for Coles Supermarket. References Austins, C. (2017). Top 6 Programming Languages for Mobile App Development. [online] dzone.com. Available at: https://dzone.com/articles/top-6-programming-languages-for-mobile-app-develop [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. Cuadrado, F. and C. Dueas, J. (2012). Mobile Application Stores: Success Factors, Existing Approaches, and Future Developments. Feigen, B. (2009). Mobile application development. Godwin-Jones, R. (2008). Emerging technologies mobile-computing trends: lighter, faster, smarter. Language Learning Technology, 12(3). Holzer, A. and Ondrus, J. (n.d.). Trends in Mobile Application Development. [online] Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.177.1082rep=rep1type=pdf [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. Joch, A. (2013). The Key Components of a Mobile POS Solution. [Blog] Biz Tech. Available at: https://biztechmagazine.com/article/2013/12/key-components-mobile-pos-solution [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. Kissman, J. (2017). Mobile App Development Cost: The Top 6 Budget Factors. [online] celerity.com. Available at: https://blog.celerity.com/mobile-app-development-costs-the-top-6-factors [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. McWherter, J. and Gowell, S. (2012). Professional mobile application development. Indianapolis, Ind.: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Saucier, M. and Hylton, R. (2011). Top 10 Mobile App SuccessFactors. [online] Transpara.com. Available at: https://transpara.com/blog/2011/10/17/top-10-mobile-app-success-factors.html [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. SCAND (EN). (2017). Mobile Application Development Technologies | SCAND Technology. [online] Available at: https://scand.com/technologies/mobile-development/ [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017].

Juan Bolivar Soto Essays (839 words) - Speculative Fiction, Fiction

Juan Bolivar Soto Teacher Budhram Pre-AP World Literature February 2017 New Beginnings Lian Hearn is an Australian author that was captivated by the Japanese culture since she was very young. She was mesmerized by the diverse traditions she had the opportunity to learn when she visited Japan in 1993. In her book, "Across the Nightingale Floor", she utilizes many literal devices through the course of the story to describe the events and illustrate a detailed imaginary picture of the situations taking place for the reader. Surviving a mass murder upon your village is not an easy task, starting all over again? Even harder. In the narrative the main character unravels his fear yet determination to become the new man he had to befit, through grief and sorrow, bravery is shown and ambition to pursue greatness among the Otori and avenge the Murder of his past domain. The story begins with the protagonist Tomasu, later known as Takeo, whom develops heightened senses of hearing and alternate powers after losing his family in a mass murder driven by discrimination by the lord Id a Sadamu. His domain is the most powerful of the 3 clans: Ida, Otori and Noguchi gaining his power through merciless conquest, battles and persecutions. Takeo emotionally unstable, shocked and full of sorrow is saved by Lord Otori whom finds him disoriented in the woods running away from Ida's men whom are pursuing him from causing their lord to fall off his horse, refusing to let go of the fugitive Otori takes Tomasu in giving him the chance to start a new life as a member of the Otori Clan, change his name and beliefs with the opportunity to avenge his family. Lian Hearn, the author of the book, uses imagery to represent the scenery and acute hearing Takeo experiences during the making of his new unraveled self. During the travel to the Hagi Village where the Otori live, they pass through other towns and mountains where Lian describes the scenery through the imagery literary device to appeal to our senses as well as to in detail describe the heightened hearing ability he is able to discover and prove in his stay at each one of the villages. In the story, Takeo is able to hear sounds such as water falling from far away, birds chirping up in the sky, the clapping of wish swimming on the surface of lakes miles away and most accurately the voice of servants and maid's rooms away yet with the same quality as if they were whispering their conversations right onto his ear. The author not only uses imagery but also personification to describe the newly found powers Takeo obtains after his encounter with Lord Ida "The murmur of a stream sounded to me like the voice of the water spirit, and every time a fox barked or an owl hooted I came awake, my pulse racing." This describes Takeo's perception of sounds at night while he tries to sleep but mercilessly failed due to the many sounds he's getting at once. They don't allow him to focus, the smallest of whispers jolts him up, un-allowing him to sleep or take a break. This makes Takeo nervous, for he had never heard of such thing before and didn't want to speak on it so the other would think he's crazy or to disappoint Lord Otori. He already owed him enough and couldn't risk the chance of embarrassing his savior over crazy assumptions, so he kept this to himself and maintained himself alongside Lord Otori, behaving his best making sure he gave his all to achieving everything the Lord wanted or asked from him . Lian Hearn also uses Metaphors to describe the relationship between Takeo and Lord Otori, the character compares the events to that of a Heron searching for his fish "Otori Shigeru was the heron, and I was the little wriggling thing he had scooped up, plunging down the mountain into my world and swooping away again", through this metaphor the character explains how Otori protected him, took him under his wing without asking for anything but appreciation, swooping him away from everything he has ever known into a strange world he has yet to get accustomed to. It

Seasonal and Unseasonable

Seasonal and Unseasonable Seasonal and Unseasonable Seasonal and Unseasonable By Maeve Maddox With all the storms, flooding, and unusually low temperatures in the news, Ive been noticing a proliferation of the word unseasonal. Unseasonal rain may continue Southerners lamenting the loss of summer need to brace for more unsettled and unseasonal weather in the coming days Unseasonal weather and flower production will there be a shortage? Unseasonal spring storms are hitting the South In each of these examples, the weather being described is seen as not being usual for the time of year. The appropriate word in this context is the negative of seasonable, which is unseasonable. seasonable: Occurring at the right season, opportune. Of weather, etc.: Suitable to the time of year. The word seasonal differs in meaning from seasonable. seasonal: Pertaining to or characteristic of the seasons of the year, or some one of them. Things that change with the season are seasonal. One speaks of seasonal occupations, seasonal employment, and seasonal products. Strictly speaking, seasonal does not have a negative form. This unusually cold, wet weather were experiencing in the South this May is unseasonable. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesOne Fell Swoop

Family Nurse Practitioner in Primary Care Assignment

Family Nurse Practitioner in Primary Care - Assignment Example The program was widely opposed by physician and nurses and many people from the nursing profession, their objection was regarding the title of the program as they believed that it is something very ambiguous and such training programs in primary care will easily â€Å"control and devour nursing education and practice† (O’Brien, 2003). With the passage of time, primary care programs for nurses have grown and have been classified into different programs: Women Health Nurse Practitioner, Family Nurse Practitioner, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner, Adult Nurse Practitioner, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, Geriatric Nurse Practitioner and Psych-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. A family nurse practitioner is a registered nurse with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Masters of Science in nursing degree. A family nurse practitioner is also a qualified and competent member of the healthcare sector, who is ready to fill a sensitive position of family nurse practitioner in primary care to provide services to meet the demands of the society. Family Nurse Practitioners have proven their efficiencies and effectiveness in providing high quality and cost effective health care services and health care consumers have also sensed the importance and value of a good service. A family nurse practitioner has several roles to choose from as a base for her career. FNP is able to serve the population living in both urban and rural areas such as hospitals, public health departments, physician offices, HMOs, community health centers, nursing homes, home health agencies and student health clinics. FNP is capable of providing them health care in acute illness, high blood press ure, headache, diabetes, chronic illness and obesity (Zerwekh. & Claborn., 2004). After the completion of nursing program/studies, nurses have many choices of roles to choose from as a final field to start practice. For a nurse practitioner,

The Hisory of Investigations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Hisory of Investigations - Research Paper Example This research tells that historical aspect of investigations is widely studied in cultural, social, political, and economic concepts. The recent decades have seen vast numbers of researchers and scholars develop interest and enthusiasm to the study of how investigations are conducted, as well as the rationales for these processes. This includes investigation activities primarily owing to the drastic pace of industrialization, the arising security needs in all phenomenon, the improvements in the technological knowledge, and rampant changes that have taken preeminence in all realms among others. Investigations have been conducted since the beginning of the middle age as a result of knowledge requirements by the early man, who made many historical discoveries. The carrying out of investigations acts as a vital instrument in the provision of a road to essential information discoveries in accordance with its requirements. Moreover, the impacts of investigations conduction include vital in formation retrievement, the realization of various problems that are taken as matters of concern by particular people and at particular periods or seasons as well as providing a rationale for implementing change within various sectors. The context of investigation is quite wide owing to it application in all realms regardless of the kind of operations that are dealt with. Appropriate investigation procedures are those that employ ample methodologies and approaches with an intention of promoting effectiveness and efficiency measures in addition to providing the desired findings.... It is also crucial to provide a presentation of the investigation process conduction by the subjects entrusted with such roles. This will also study factors that influence the need for investigations, its development, and limitations, in addition to the strengths and weaknesses of a public defendant’s office. An overview of the context of investigations The process of studying phenomena in details to enhance comprehension of its course of action entails investigations. The investigation that is conducted in any study field entails efforts of a team, individual searches, or classes of professional groups in certain fields. A wide array of specific studies and subjects are applied in distinct phenomena in order to develop better comprehension of the original requirements. The completion of any kind of investigation entails the interplay of the factors driving to such a study need, the importance of the investigation being conducted, the involved investigators, as well as the sco pe into which the investigations are conducted. The methodologies and processes of conducting the investigations also play a major part in the investigation activities. In addition, evidence of study by investigators include the skin cells or body fluids that are biological like, course dynamics and fingerprints in the study of crimes and other required areas (Husserl and Moran xxix). Investigations require the application of proper formats with the intention of capturing real details in the required field. Different investigators apply distinct investigatory procedures and methodologies in a bid to promote efficiency and effective measures. There are different phenomena in the

Tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Tort law - Essay Example This case had to be referred to the Law Commission due to the uncertainties and lack of sufficient material to make judgment about the case. Another similar case was that of Addie v Dunbreck 1929 AC 358. In this case the judge ruled on that the owner of the land must avoid negligently avoid harming the trespassers. This judgment raised the question about duty of care. Because of this case a commission was formed in the UK to investigate this case which later decided that the legislature should come up with the duty of care to be owed to uninvited visitors or trespassers (Mullis, 2011). This proposal was also endorsed by the Pearson commission. The case of White v The council of the City and District of St Albans 1990 was the first case that endorsed this law. In the ruling of this case, the judge ordered that all working and especially construction places be well fenced to a reasonable ground to prevent damage and injury to the trespassers. It is however important to notice that the 1984 ACT has no valid statements which indicate that the duty can be excluded from the occupier. On the other hand there has been suggestions that this is possible especially because since there are no provisions which forbids the exclusion. The 1977 Unfair Contract Terms Act seems to weaken this law since it does not apply to the 1984 Act. The 1957 Act is however supported by the case of Beddeley v Earl Granville 1887 19 QBD 423 which shows that a statutory duty is not under any form of exclusion however no case is law is directly relating to the Act. Strict liability means that a party is imposed with a liability without evidence of committing any offense such as negligence or tort (Alix Adams, 2012). For quite a long time strict liability have been applied to animal cases since animals do not have the right conscious to make decisions (Elliott & Quinn, 2007). The defendant find him/herself imposed with a liability without fault for